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Bolt Clamping Force Calculator — Torque to Tension with K-Factor Analysis

Calculate Clamping Force from Applied Torque with Yield and Proof Load Warnings

Free bolt clamping force calculator for mechanical engineers and millwrights. Enter bolt size, grade, applied torque, and lubrication condition to calculate clamping force using F = T / (K × d). Covers 10 inch sizes and 10 metric sizes with 5 inch grades and 4 metric property classes.

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Includes real-time warnings when torque approaches proof load or yield strength. Visual status bars show percentage of proof load and yield, color-coded green through red. Five-level warning system from Notice through Critical alerts you before you stretch or break the bolt.

Pro Tip: The K-factor is the biggest source of error in torque-controlled tightening. A dry bolt (K=0.20) produces half the clamping force of the same bolt with moly paste (K=0.10) at the same torque. If you rely on torque to control preload in a critical joint, the lubrication condition must be specified and consistent.

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Clamping Force Calculator

How It Works

  1. Select Bolt Size and System

    Choose Inch or Metric, then select the bolt diameter from 10 standard sizes in each system.

  2. Select Bolt Grade

    Choose SAE Grade 2, 5, 8, ASTM A325, A490, or Metric 8.8, 10.9, 12.9, A4-70 stainless.

  3. Choose Lubrication

    Select K-factor preset: Dry (0.20), Zinc (0.18), Oiled (0.15), Anti-Seize (0.12), or Moly (0.10). Or enter a custom K-factor.

  4. Enter Applied Torque

    Enter torque in ft-lbs or N-m. The calculator displays resulting clamping force in pounds and kilonewtons.

  5. Review Safety Margins

    Check the visual status bars for proof load and yield percentage. Green is safe, yellow is caution, red is too close to bolt limits.

Built For

  • Millwrights torquing flange bolts and verifying proof load limits
  • Mechanical engineers calculating required torque for target clamping force
  • Maintenance technicians verifying torque specifications match installed bolt grade
  • Structural steel erectors checking A325 and A490 bolt preload requirements
  • Machine builders specifying torque values for assembly work instructions
  • Quality engineers auditing bolt torque against bolt grade capabilities

Features & Capabilities

K-Factor Presets

Five built-in lubrication presets plus custom entry. K-factor is the dominant variable in torque-tension and the most common source of assembly errors.

Visual Status Meters

Color-coded bars showing % of proof load and % of yield. Green (under 75%), yellow (75-90%), red (over 90%).

Five-Level Warning System

NOTICE through CRITICAL warnings trigger automatically based on inputs.

Bolt Grade Database

Complete proof load and yield data for SAE Grades 2/5/8, ASTM A325/A490, and Metric 8.8/10.9/12.9/A4-70.

Unit Conversion

Enter torque in ft-lbs or N-m, view force in pounds or kilonewtons. Real-time conversion.

PDF Export

Export analysis as a branded PDF for maintenance work orders or assembly documentation.

Frequently Asked Questions

Accurate to plus or minus 25% for well-characterized K-factor conditions. With consistent lubrication, improves to plus or minus 10-15%. For critical joints, use torque-angle or ultrasonic bolt stretch measurement.
Use K=0.20 (dry) as a conservative starting point. This produces the lowest clamping force for a given torque, which is the safe direction for error.
Yes, proof load is designed to be the maximum sustained load without permanent deformation. Most specifications target 70-80% of proof load.
A dry bolt wastes roughly 90% of applied torque overcoming friction. Moly reduces friction losses, so more torque goes into bolt stretch. Same wrench torque produces twice the clamping force with moly versus dry.
Disclaimer: Clamping force calculations are estimates based on the simplified torque-tension equation. Actual preload varies with lubrication consistency, surface condition, and tightening method. Critical joints should be designed by a qualified engineer using ASME PCC-1, VDI 2230, or equivalent standards.

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