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Powder Factor: Optimizing Blast Energy for Rock Fragmentation
How powder factor relates to rock type, fragmentation goals, and cost. Burden/spacing ratios, hole loading, and why more explosive does not always mean better results.
Stripping Ratio: When Does Surface Mining Make Economic Sense?
How stripping ratio determines whether an open-pit mine is viable. Calculating breakeven ratios, cost per BCY, commodity price effects, and when to go underground instead.
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Hydrostatic Pressure Calculator
Calculate hydrostatic pressure from mud weight and true vertical depth. Oilfield imperial (ppg/psi) and metric (SG/kPa) units with overbalance analysis and pressure gradient.
Equivalent Circulating Density Calculator
Calculate ECD from mud weight and annular pressure loss. Determine safe operating window between pore pressure and fracture gradient for wellbore stability.
Annular Velocity Calculator
Calculate annular velocity and flow rate for hole cleaning. Enter hole/pipe diameters and pump rate to get AV in ft/min with cuttings transport analysis.